Reader's Response Draft 1
According
to Tay’s “Tapping Tech for Smoother Traffic” article (2018), Singapore faces
the perpetual challenge of balancing density with liveability due to limited
land. More advanced traffic management measures are required for Singapore to
manage the increasing vehicle population and a greater and more complex road
system. Tay also states that Singapore’s Land Transport Authority (LTA)
launches The Intelligent Transport System (ITS) to process and gather data
automatically. Not only does ITS boost traffic coordination and control, but it
also gives real-time traffic information to assist users in smoother journeys.
The implementation of ITS boosts Singapore’s traffic safety and efficiency and
allows Singapore to top the 2017 Global Smart City Performance Index by Juniper
Research. Moreover, transport technology in the city-state is constantly
upgraded for better equity and efficiency with the improvement of traffic
lights and satellite ERP system (Tay, 2018).
With
the implementation of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS), Singapore’s traffic
flow and parking systems have become smoother, safer and more efficient. However,
a great invention comes with a price.
For
Land Transport Authority (LTA) to improve Singapore’s traffic flow, Intelligent
Transport System, also known as ITS, was launched. “Over a 160km network of
expressways and road tunnels, hundreds of gadgets, sensors and cameras gather
data on traffic flow, travelling times and road demand to gives you the
information that helps you make decisions on how you get to places.” (LTA,
2021). ITS makes use of sensors, traffic and control systems, and data
analytics, to fully utilise the network efficiency capacity of the road, track
and control traffic flow and make Singapore roads safer (LTA, 2021). Some of
the developments under ITS would be Expressway Monitoring and Advisory System
(EMAS), Green Link Determining System (GLIDE), Junction Electronic Eyes,
Parking Guidance System, TrafficScan and Traffic Message Channel to provide
instant traffic information to the public (LTA, 2021). On top of all these,
Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system is one major development that happened in
1998 (Tay, 2018).
Electronic
Road Pricing (ERP) was invented to take the place of Area Licensing Scheme (ALS)
(Tay, 2018). According to Sustainable Urban Transport (n.a.), ERP uses a continuous
monitoring feature to recognise the vehicles going through its sensors, which are
located on overhead gantries across the road. There will be an automatic deduction
of tolls from smart cards fixed on each in-vehicle unit (IU) once a vehicle
passes the ERP gantry. This ERP system saves the effort of vehicles slowing
down or stopping to pay tolls and is able to capture vehicles at the speed of
more than 120km/h. With this smart system, roads are less congested and the
average speed of traffic has been increased from 30 to 35 km/h under ALS to 40
to 45 km/h under ERP (Debnath, Haque, Chin & Yuen, n.d.). Another smart
technology system invented is the Expressway Monitoring Advisory System (EMAS).
EMAS is a smart incident management tool, that oversees the traffic along the
expressways. It recognises accidents, breakdown of vehicles and other incidents
with the help of cameras. With EMAS, recovery crew is able to attend to the
situation immediately to recover the traffic flow (LTA 2021). Statistics show
that the road accident fatalities yearly have been reduced from approximately
210 in 2000, to 122 in 2017. Break down of vehicles are able to be resolved and
clear out of the road within 15 minutes (Tay, 2018).
Parking
Guidance System is also one of the developments under ITS. It provides
information through 29 roadside electronic information panels, allowing
motorists to know the carpark availability while driving (LTA, 2021). With the
parking system, there is a decrease in the rate of circulating traffic looking
for available parking in central business district and major shopping areas. This
in turn reduces the traffic flow and time taken for vehicles to be parked (Debnath,
Haque, Chin & Yuen, n.d.). Motorists
are able to make proper decisions and fully utilise the parking facilities
(LTA, 2021).
With
all the great developments of ITS, they come with a costly maintenance fee. ERP,
EMAS and Parking Guidance System make use of sensors and electronic information
panels which requires regular maintenance that are not cheap. Maintenance costs
for these systems can be overwhelming (Software Advisory Service, n.d.).
All
in all, Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has improved the transport system in
Singapore greatly and efficiently. Traffic flow is smoother and less congested,
with car travelling at an average speed of 27 km/h (C40, 2013). Vehicles are also
able to find parking efficiently.
References
C40
Cities. (2013, September 23). Singapore: Intelligent Transport System. https://www.c40.org/profiles/2013-singapore
Debnath,
A. K., Haque, M. M., Chin, H. C., and Yuen, B. (n.d.). Sustainable Urban
Transport. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3141/2243-05
Land
Transport Authority. (2021, January 22). Intelligent Transport System. https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/getting_around/driving_in_singapore/intelligent_transport_systems.html
Land
Transport Authority. (2014). Smart Mobility 2030. https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/dam/ltagov/getting_around/driving_in_singapore/intelligent_transport_systems/pdf/smartmobility2030.pdf
Software
Advisory Service. (n.d.). 6 Common ERP Challenges in 2019. https://www.softwareadvisoryservice.com/en/blog/6-common-erp-challengesin-2019/
Tay, Q. W. (2018, July). Tapping Tech for Smoother Traffic. https://www.clc.gov.sg/docs/default-source/urban-solutions/urb-sol-iss-13-pdfs/11_case_study-singapore-intelligent-transport-systems.pdf
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